CARE Framework (Gounder & Hassankhan, 2019)

[{"label":"Institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Contract","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Rations","weight":1,"id":2},{"label":"Medical care","weight":1,"id":3},{"label":"Maternal and child welfare","weight":1,"id":4},{"label":"Wage","weight":1,"id":5},{"label":"Employment conditions","weight":1,"id":6},{"label":"Living conditions","weight":1,"id":7}]},{"label":"Judicial Process","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Lack of reliable interpreters","weight":1,"id":9},{"label":"Prosecution rates","weight":1,"id":10},{"label":"Court cases: planters versus labourers","weight":1,"id":11},{"label":"Conviction rates","weight":1,"id":12},{"label":"Witness' testimonies","weight":1,"id":13}]},{"label":"Verdict","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Fines","weight":1,"id":15},{"label":"Imprisonment","weight":1,"id":16},{"label":"Imprisonment with hard labour","weight":1,"id":17},{"label":"Acquittal","weight":1,"id":18}]},{"label":"Indenture policy","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Inspections","weight":1,"id":20},{"label":"Official reports on plantation conditions","weight":1,"id":21},{"label":"List of offences and their punishment","weight":1,"id":22},{"label":"List of worked hours and earned wages","weight":1,"id":23},{"label":"Extension of indenture","weight":1,"id":24}]},{"label":"Response to global influences","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Socio-economics","weight":1,"id":26},{"label":"Socio-political","weight":1,"id":27},{"label":"Environmental","weight":1,"id":28},{"label":"Socio-cultural","weight":1,"id":29}]}]},{"label":"Plantation structures","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Working conditions","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Hours of work","weight":1,"id":32},{"label":"Task system","weight":1,"id":33},{"label":"Allocation of task type","weight":1,"id":34}]},{"label":"Infrastructure impacting acculturation","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Poor roads","weight":1,"id":36},{"label":"Inadequate emotional support structures to facilitate transition","weight":1,"id":37}]},{"label":"Socio-economics","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Low wages","weight":1,"id":39},{"label":"Poverty","weight":1,"id":40}]},{"label":"Healthcare provisions","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Lack of adequately trained personnel","weight":1,"id":42},{"label":"Limited access to adequately trained personnel","weight":1,"id":43},{"label":"Limited access to appropriate medical resources","weight":1,"id":44},{"label":"Lack of sanitary birthing facilities","weight":1,"id":45},{"label":"Lack of trained midwives","weight":1,"id":46},{"label":"Limited access to hospitals or other medical facilities","weight":1,"id":47},{"label":"Limited access to sanitized clothing and bed linen","weight":1,"id":48}]},{"label":"Housing quality","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Leaking roofs","weight":1,"id":50},{"label":"Poor ventilation","weight":1,"id":51},{"label":"Poor drainage","weight":1,"id":52},{"label":"Lack of sanitation","weight":1,"id":53},{"label":"Close confines","weight":1,"id":54},{"label":"Lack of privacy","weight":1,"id":55}]},{"label":"Diseases on plantations","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Vector-borne diseases","weight":1,"id":57},{"label":"Food-borne diseases","weight":1,"id":58},{"label":"Sanitation-related diseases","weight":1,"id":59},{"label":"Tropical diseases","weight":1,"id":60},{"label":"Sexually transmitted diseases","weight":1,"id":61},{"label":"Plagues","weight":1,"id":62},{"label":"Hookworm","weight":1,"id":63},{"label":"Leprosy","weight":1,"id":64},{"label":"Smallpox","weight":1,"id":65},{"label":"Cholera","weight":1,"id":66},{"label":"Dysentry ","weight":1,"id":67},{"label":"Diarrohea","weight":1,"id":68},{"label":"Pneumonia ","weight":1,"id":69},{"label":"Epidemic outbreaks","weight":1,"id":70}]}]},{"label":"Community level factors","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Norms and values","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Cultural disintegration","weight":1,"id":73},{"label":"Family structure disintegration","weight":1,"id":74},{"label":"Religious teachings and practices as protective factor ","weight":1,"id":75}]},{"label":"Social capital","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Social capital and networks as protective factor","weight":1,"id":77}]},{"label":"Knowledge and belief","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Lack of knowledge about judicial system","weight":1,"id":79},{"label":"Lack of faith in judicial system","weight":1,"id":80},{"label":"Group beliefs about dignified treatment markers and the denial of such dignity","weight":1,"id":81},{"label":"Knowledge and use of Traditional medicine in addition to Western medicine ","weight":1,"id":82},{"label":"Knowledge and use of Traditional medicine instead of Western medicine ","weight":1,"id":83}]},{"label":"Common language","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Lack of plantation authorities' proficiency in labourers' Indian languages","weight":1,"id":85},{"label":"Lack of legal bodies' proficiency in labourers' Indian languages","weight":1,"id":86},{"label":"Lack of labourers' proficiency in Colonial Language","weight":1,"id":87},{"label":"Lack of new labourers' proficiency in Plantation Lingua Franca","weight":1,"id":88}]}]},{"label":"Inter-personal relationship","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Physical control","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Paucity of women","weight":1,"id":91},{"label":"Controlled mobility","weight":1,"id":92},{"label":"Sexual alliances between labourers","weight":1,"id":93},{"label":"Sexual alliances between labourers and plantation authorities ","weight":1,"id":94},{"label":"Polyandry amongst labourers","weight":1,"id":95}]},{"label":"Property-related offences","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Theft","weight":1,"id":97},{"label":"Destruction of others' property","weight":1,"id":98}]},{"label":"Discrimination","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Gendered hierarchy","weight":1,"id":100},{"label":"Ethnic hierarchy ","weight":1,"id":101},{"label":"Poor perception of 'other': labourers' work ethics","weight":1,"id":102},{"label":"Poor perception of 'other': labourers' maternal instincts","weight":1,"id":103},{"label":"Poor perception of 'other': labourers' morality","weight":1,"id":104},{"label":"Poor perception of 'other': plantation authorities' morality","weight":1,"id":105},{"label":"Poor perception of 'other': plantation authorities' ethics","weight":1,"id":106},{"label":"Poor perception of 'other': plantation authorities' behaviour","weight":1,"id":107},{"label":"Poor perception of 'other': religious intolerance ","weight":1,"id":108}]},{"label":"Physical violation","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Violence against all labourers","weight":1,"id":110},{"label":"Violence against male labourers","weight":1,"id":111},{"label":"Violence against female labourers","weight":1,"id":112},{"label":"Violence against children","weight":1,"id":113},{"label":"Violence against plantation authorities ","weight":1,"id":114},{"label":"Murder affecting labourers in general","weight":1,"id":115},{"label":"Murder affecting male labourers","weight":1,"id":116},{"label":"Murder affecting female labourers","weight":1,"id":117},{"label":"Murder affecting children","weight":1,"id":118},{"label":"Murder affecting plantation authorities","weight":1,"id":119},{"label":"Sexual assaults","weight":1,"id":120}]},{"label":"Emotional and psychological aspects or manipulation","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Accusations and threats","weight":1,"id":122},{"label":"Isolation on plantations","weight":1,"id":123},{"label":"Harassment","weight":1,"id":124},{"label":"Verbal abuse","weight":1,"id":125}]}]},{"label":"Individual level: male labourers' health outcomes","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Morbidity and mortality","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Suicide","weight":1,"id":128},{"label":"Attempted suicide","weight":1,"id":129},{"label":"Death ","weight":1,"id":130},{"label":"Illness due to vector-borne diseases","weight":1,"id":131},{"label":"Illness due to sanitation-related diseases","weight":1,"id":132},{"label":"Illness due to tropical diseases","weight":1,"id":133},{"label":"Illness due to sexually transmitted diseases","weight":1,"id":134},{"label":"Illness due to food-borne diseases","weight":1,"id":135},{"label":"Illness due to food deprivation","weight":1,"id":136},{"label":"Illness due to plague outbreak","weight":1,"id":137},{"label":"Illness due to hookworm infestation ","weight":1,"id":138},{"label":"Illness due to leprosy infection","weight":1,"id":139},{"label":"Illness due to non-specified diseases","weight":1,"id":140},{"label":"Illness due to epidemic outbreaks","weight":1,"id":141},{"label":"Illness due to smallpox outbreak","weight":1,"id":142},{"label":"Illness due to cholera outbreak","weight":1,"id":143}]},{"label":"Behavioural risk factors","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Depression","weight":1,"id":145},{"label":"Frustration","weight":1,"id":146},{"label":"Lowered self-esteem","weight":1,"id":147},{"label":"Madness","weight":1,"id":148},{"label":"Alcoholism","weight":1,"id":149},{"label":"Recreational drug dependency ","weight":1,"id":150}]},{"label":"Inability to work","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Illness","weight":1,"id":152},{"label":"Injury","weight":1,"id":153},{"label":"Fatigue or exhaustion","weight":1,"id":154},{"label":"Imprisonment","weight":1,"id":155},{"label":"Hospitalization","weight":1,"id":156}]},{"label":"Food scarcity and deprivation ","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Malnutrition","weight":1,"id":158},{"label":"Weakness","weight":1,"id":159}]}]},{"label":"Individual level: female labourers' health outcomes","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Labourers-before-mothers","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Pressures associated with breastfeeding","weight":1,"id":162},{"label":"Pressure to return to work soon after childbirth","weight":1,"id":163}]},{"label":"Inability to work","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Childbirth","weight":1,"id":165},{"label":"Pregnancy","weight":1,"id":166},{"label":"Illness","weight":1,"id":167},{"label":"Injury","weight":1,"id":168},{"label":"Fatigue or exhaustion","weight":1,"id":169},{"label":"Imprisonment","weight":1,"id":170},{"label":"Hospitalization","weight":1,"id":171}]},{"label":"Morbidity and mortality","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Illness due to vector-borne diseases","weight":1,"id":173},{"label":"Illness due to sanitation-related diseases","weight":1,"id":174},{"label":"Illness due to tropical diseases","weight":1,"id":175},{"label":"Illness due to sexually transmitted diseases","weight":1,"id":176},{"label":"Illness due to food-borne diseases","weight":1,"id":177},{"label":"Illness due to food deprivation","weight":1,"id":178},{"label":"Illness due to plague outbreak","weight":1,"id":179},{"label":"Illness due to hookworm infestation ","weight":1,"id":180},{"label":"Illness due to leprosy infection","weight":1,"id":181},{"label":"Illness due to non-specified diseases","weight":1,"id":182},{"label":"Illness due to epidemic outbreaks","weight":1,"id":183},{"label":"Illness due to smallpox outbreak","weight":1,"id":184},{"label":"Illness due to cholera outbreak","weight":1,"id":185},{"label":"Mortality during childbirth","weight":1,"id":186},{"label":"Suicide","weight":1,"id":187},{"label":"Attempted suicide","weight":1,"id":188},{"label":"Death ","weight":1,"id":189}]},{"label":"Food scarcity and deprivation ","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Malnutrition","weight":1,"id":191},{"label":"Weakness","weight":1,"id":192}]},{"label":"Behavioural risk factors","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Depression","weight":1,"id":194},{"label":"Frustration","weight":1,"id":195},{"label":"Lowered self-esteem","weight":1,"id":196},{"label":"Madness","weight":1,"id":197},{"label":"Alcoholism","weight":1,"id":198},{"label":"Recreational drug dependency ","weight":1,"id":199}]}]},{"label":"Individual level: infant and children's health outcomes","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Morbidity and mortality","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Vector-borne diseases","weight":1,"id":202},{"label":"Malnutrition ","weight":1,"id":203},{"label":"Bronchitis","weight":1,"id":204},{"label":"Pneumonia","weight":1,"id":205},{"label":"Broncho-pneumonia","weight":1,"id":206},{"label":"Premature birth","weight":1,"id":207},{"label":"Congenital syphilis and debility","weight":1,"id":208},{"label":"Enteritis","weight":1,"id":209},{"label":"Diarrhoea","weight":1,"id":210},{"label":"Dysentery","weight":1,"id":211},{"label":"Non-specified diseases","weight":1,"id":212},{"label":"Epidemic outbreaks","weight":1,"id":213},{"label":"Smallpox ","weight":1,"id":214},{"label":"Cholera","weight":1,"id":215},{"label":"Plagues","weight":1,"id":216},{"label":"Hookworm","weight":1,"id":217},{"label":"Leprosy","weight":1,"id":218},{"label":"Mortality rates of infants","weight":1,"id":219},{"label":"Mortality rates of children","weight":1,"id":220}]},{"label":"Child welfare","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Neglect","weight":1,"id":222},{"label":"Abandonment","weight":1,"id":223},{"label":"Orphaned","weight":1,"id":224},{"label":"Insufficient supervision","weight":1,"id":225},{"label":"Lack of education","weight":1,"id":226},{"label":"Injuries ","weight":1,"id":227}]}]},{"label":"Community level response","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Non-compliance strategies","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Overt resistance strategies regarding institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"id":230},{"label":"Overt resistance strategies regarding plantation structures","weight":1,"id":231},{"label":"Overt resistance strategies regarding community norms and practices ","weight":1,"id":232},{"label":"Overt resistance strategies regarding interpersonal relationships","weight":1,"id":233},{"label":"Covert resistance strategies regarding institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"id":234},{"label":"Covert resistance strategies regarding plantation structures","weight":1,"id":235},{"label":"Covert resistance strategies regarding community norms and practices ","weight":1,"id":236},{"label":"Covert resistance strategies regarding interpersonal relationships","weight":1,"id":237}]},{"label":"Adaptation strategies","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Adaptation strategies regarding institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"id":239},{"label":"Adaptation strategies regarding plantation structures","weight":1,"id":240},{"label":"Adaptation strategies regarding community norms and practices ","weight":1,"id":241},{"label":"Adaptation strategies regarding interpersonal relationships","weight":1,"id":242}]},{"label":"Measures of limited or full compliance","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Compliance strategies regarding institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"id":244},{"label":"Compliance strategies regarding plantation structures","weight":1,"id":245},{"label":"Compliance strategies regarding community norms and practices ","weight":1,"id":246},{"label":"Compliance strategies regarding interpersonal relationships","weight":1,"id":247}]}]},{"label":"Individual level response: male labourers ","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Non-compliance strategies","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Overt resistance strategies regarding institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"id":250},{"label":"Overt resistance strategies regarding plantation structures","weight":1,"id":251},{"label":"Overt resistance strategies regarding community norms and practices ","weight":1,"id":252},{"label":"Overt resistance strategies regarding interpersonal relationships","weight":1,"id":253},{"label":"Covert resistance strategies regarding institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"id":254},{"label":"Covert resistance strategies regarding plantation structures","weight":1,"id":255},{"label":"Covert resistance strategies regarding community norms and practices ","weight":1,"id":256},{"label":"Covert resistance strategies regarding interpersonal relationships","weight":1,"id":257}]},{"label":"Adaptation strategies","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Adaptation strategies regarding institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"id":259},{"label":"Adaptation strategies regarding plantation structures","weight":1,"id":260},{"label":"Adaptation strategies regarding community norms and practices ","weight":1,"id":261},{"label":"Adaptation strategies regarding interpersonal relationships","weight":1,"id":262}]},{"label":"Measures of limited or full compliance","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Compliance strategies regarding institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"id":264},{"label":"Compliance strategies regarding plantation structures","weight":1,"id":265},{"label":"Compliance strategies regarding community norms and practices ","weight":1,"id":266},{"label":"Compliance strategies regarding interpersonal relationships","weight":1,"id":267}]}]},{"label":"Individual level response: female labourers ","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Non-compliance strategies","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Overt resistance strategies regarding institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"id":270},{"label":"Overt resistance strategies regarding plantation structures","weight":1,"id":271},{"label":"Overt resistance strategies regarding community norms and practices ","weight":1,"id":272},{"label":"Overt resistance strategies regarding interpersonal relationships","weight":1,"id":273},{"label":"Covert resistance strategies regarding institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"id":274},{"label":"Covert resistance strategies regarding plantation structures","weight":1,"id":275},{"label":"Covert resistance strategies regarding community norms and practices ","weight":1,"id":276},{"label":"Covert resistance strategies regarding interpersonal relationships","weight":1,"id":277}]},{"label":"Adaptation strategies","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Adaptation strategies regarding institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"id":279},{"label":"Adaptation strategies regarding plantation structures","weight":1,"id":280},{"label":"Adaptation strategies regarding community norms and practices ","weight":1,"id":281},{"label":"Adaptation strategies regarding interpersonal relationships","weight":1,"id":282}]},{"label":"Measures of limited or full compliance","weight":1,"groups":[{"label":"Compliance strategies regarding institutional policies and practices","weight":1,"id":284},{"label":"Compliance strategies regarding plantation structures","weight":1,"id":285},{"label":"Compliance strategies regarding community norms and practices ","weight":1,"id":286},{"label":"Compliance strategies regarding interpersonal relationships","weight":1,"id":287}]}]}]